Energy, climate and the ecological transition

29

Protecting, decarbonizing, sharing value

Levrig 2027
Trajectory 2027-2032

NB: «For the sake of fluidity and concision, In this text, the masculine is used to encompass all genders.».

The essentials

For Yes Breizh, the Breton ecological transition must address four vulnerabilities together: energy dependence, still high emissions, degradation of water and biodiversity, increasing exposure to droughts, submersion, flooding and heat. It will only succeed if it reduces bills, creates sustainable jobs and involves the Départements (or countries) in decision-making and revenue generation.

A few landmarks

Documented landmark	Value	Lecture
Energy production / final consumption	22 % in 2023	Administrative region; all energy sources, not just electricity.
Electrical supply	About 2/3 imported	Network dependency; does not mean physical scarcity
Masses of water in good ecological condition	34 %	The restoration of water is a central undertaking
Green algae strandings	2,091 hectares, or 93 % of the total national area in 2024	Beaches and mudflats; strong annual variability
VERB perimeter of the Shift Project	>17 % of employment; nearly 2/3 of direct emissions and final energy	Five sectors studied; useful basis for balancing employment-carbon-energy

The available values mainly relate to the administrative region of four Départements. The 2027 dashboard will have to include the Loire-Atlantique before setting the reference values for Brittany-5.

1. A clear Yes Breizh doctrine: sobriety, security, justice

Do not confuse energy and electricity

Instantaneous electric autonomy is neither total energy autonomy nor network isolation. Public management will distinguish between total final consumption, electricity consumption, local production, installed power, availability, storage, and exchanges. The interconnected network remains a security measure; however, Brittany must reduce its vulnerability and peak loads.

Desirable and physically credible ecology

Physical limits define the scope of the possible; politics distributes effort, time, and benefits. Therefore, choices will be compared on their full cost, their lifecycle emissions, their impact, their effect on water and biodiversity, their resilience, and the jobs created.

A just transition

The Scottish government’s program provides three transposable ideas: a fair transition fund for workers and their counties, support for the ownership of each project, and a patrimonial fund fueled by renewable wealth. Yes Breizh adapts them to Breton law and resources, without taking over the amounts or the objectives of the Scottish program.

2. Governing the whole of Brittany in five departments

Leverage level	From 2027 onwards	After agreement or devolution
Powers at the B5 level	Planning, assistance, training, high schools, Breton ports, public procurement, animation and data	—
Local contracts	B5, Départements, EPCIs, energy syndicates, Water Agency, network operators	Objectives, co-financing and legally enforceable responsibilities
Powers to negotiate	Experiments and contracting with the central government	Energy, taxation, standards, real estate and environmental policing under the future status

• Creating a Breton Conference¹ energy, climate and water, including the Loire-Atlantique region.
• Publish a single annual report: energy, emissions, adaptation, water, biodiversity, jobs and precariousness.
• Transforming BreizhÉnergie into a more capital-intensive investment tool, coordinated with local companies and endowed with measurable objectives.
• Submitting major projects to a public comparison of the variants and to the monitoring of local commitments.

3. Reduce needs and bills

Buildings

For Yes Breizh, it is necessary to move from a logic of isolated actions to efficient renovations accompanied by: audit, financing, works, control and monitoring of consumption. Priority should be given to the homes occupied by modest households, the social housing park, the high schools and public buildings. The regional mission (B4) mentions a scheme aimed at 500 households per year: it must be evaluated and then expanded with the intercommunalities.

Mobility, industry and agriculture

Some proposals from Yes Breizh…

• Reduce the kilometers driven by planning, railways, express coaches, carpooling, and cycling.
• Condition industrial aid on an energy-carbon plan, on heat recovery and on the resilience of supply chains.
• Support farms in reducing input costs, energy efficiency, protein autonomy, and transition incomes.
• Deploying sobriety contracts with objectives, technical assistance and sharing of savings.

4. Produce and secure: a package, not a single technology

Axis	Proposed decisions	Caution
Renewable heat	Sustainable wood, solar thermal, geothermal, waste heat and networks	Local resource, air quality, cost per avoided ton
Offshore wind power	Ports, industrial chain, training, connectivity and maritime co-use	Biodiversity, fishing, landscape, local contractual benefits
Land-based wind & solar	Repowering, roofs, parking lots, and then territorial projects	Avoiding artificialization; local participation
Biogas	Priority given to waste, effluents and intermediate crops	Nitrogen balance, soils, methane leaks, no food competition
Networks & flexibility	Demand response, storage, management, targeted strengthening	Cybersecurity, full cost, data protection
Emerging marine energies	Demonstrators and R&D with exit criteria	No industrial promise before technical and economic proof

As a methodological precaution, the offshore wind farm in Saint-Brieuc (496 MW) is sometimes presented as covering 25 % of the needs: this proportion refers to domestic electricity consumption, not to total electricity consumption or total energy.

5. Share values and prepare skills

Some proposals from Yes Breizh…

• Creating a Breton Transition Fund ² just for the reconversion, the training and the exposed departments (or countries).
• Allocate an investment capacity to the communities and Breton women and men in the publicly supported projects.
• Negotiate a local profit base: jobs, training, territorial funds, biodiversity and solidarity tariffs when the law allows it.
• Study a Breton Generation Fund, funded by a stable fraction of exceptional public revenues linked to renewable resources.
• Publish the jobs created, transformed or weakened, as well as the quality of contracts and training needs.

6. Water, biodiversity and green algae: a requirement of result

Yes breizh has taken note of a report from the Court of Auditors that reducing nitrate concentrations and flows is the only leverage that can significantly limit outbreaks. In 2024, concentrations remained above 25 mg/l in several sectors, while the necessary thresholds vary depending on the bay.

Action	Deadline	Proof of result
Modeling each priority bay and mudflat	2027	Local threshold compatible with a division by two of the green algae strandings
Reviewing SAGE3 and territorial agreements	2027-2028	Measurable nitrogen targets, designated lead and funding identified
Conditioning public aid	From 2027 onwards	Progressive contracts and control of nitrogen leaks
Mobilizing land and resources	2028-2032	Surfaces and farms engaged in low-input systems
Securing the collection and information	Every season	Timelines, exposure of agents and published incidents

7. How, according to Yes Breizh, to adapt Brittany to the coming climate

• By 2028, map the risks of heat, drought, fire, flooding, erosion, and basin submergence.
• Condition public investments on a climate test in 2050 and 2100.
• Re-naturalizing cities, waterways and wetlands; removing impermeable soil surfaces and protecting ecological continuity.
• Adopting water-sharing plans that prioritize drinking water and ecosystems, then essential uses.
• Create an adaptation fund for rural, coastal and island communes, with shared engineering.

Principle — No expenditure on adaptation should be used to maintain an installation that has become dangerous indefinitely. Withdrawal, relocation and solidarity must be able to be discussed openly.

8. Fifteen commitments 2027-2032

1. Building the Brittany-5 energy-climate-water balance.

2. Vote on sectoral carbon budgets that are indicative and then enforceable depending on the competencies.

3. Prioritize renovating precarious housing and public buildings.

4. Organizing the reduction of forced mobility.

5. Decarbonizing industry and the agro-food sector with conditions in return.

6. Developing renewable heat.

7. Planning wind, solar and marine energy with ecological limits.

8. Strengthening networks, storage and flexibility.

9. Redefining the Pôle Energie Bretagne (PEBreizh) as a territorial investor.

10. Create the Just Transition Fund.

11. Open up projects to local investment.

12. Studying a patrimonial fund for future generations.

13. Setting targets per bay for green algae.

14. Deploying adaptation plans by living area.

15. To report annually to the Assembly and to the Breton women and men.

Conditions of implementation

No transformation is generalized without a budget, a market opportunity, revenue and evaluation. No objective is imposed without a budget, a timeline, support, and accessible technical solution. No transfer takes place without resources. In the event of failure, the system is corrected rather than maintained for appearances’ sake. A code green, orange, red It will indicate the trajectory, but will never replace the figures and their explanation. A temporary increase in an indicator may correspond to a transition or to a better census: each evolution will be interpreted before a decision is made.

9. Calendar 2027-2032

Year	Priorities	Public platform
2027 — Measuring	Brittany-5 assessment; governance; carbon budgets; audit of BreizhÉnergie; bays and mudflats	References, areas of responsibility and published persons
2028 — Contracting	Local contracts (Departments) water-energy-climate; renovation; just funds; adaptation maps	100 % from Brittany covered by a roadmap
2029 — Invest	Warmth, networks, ports, flexibility, renovation and rewilding; participation of Breton women and men.	Independent review of costs and impacts
2030 — Correct	Mid-term review; reallocation towards effective measures; exit clauses	Explanations of deviations from the trajectories and corrective measures voted on
2031 — Extend	Generalization of proven mechanisms; competencies assigned if agreed upon	Continuity of certified services and funding
2032 — Evaluate	Environmental, social, economic and territorial impact; next program	External evaluation and democratic debate Brittany-5

The final quantified targets will be set after the Brittany-5 review in 2027. The timetable distinguishes between actions that are immediately feasible from those that require national agreement or devolution.

10. Monitoring dashboard

Indicator	Reference/target	Frequency	Pilot
Final energy consumption	2027 Brittany-5; annual decrease compatible with 2032 trajectory	Annually	Observatory
Territorial emissions and footprint	Sectoral budgets; two published readings	Annually	Observatory
Local production / consumption	22 % in 2023 on B4; reference B5 in 2027	Annually	Brittany
Part of imported electricity	About 2/3 on B4; reducing vulnerability, without self-sufficiency	Annually	RTE / Brittany
Efficient renovations	Number, real gain and modest households; target 2032 after audit	Semiannual	Brittany / EPCI
Energy vulnerability	Household rates and remaining burden	Annually	Social Observatory
Renewable heat	TWh, power and emissions avoided	Annually	Energy unions
Projects with local participation	Share of projects and local capital held	Annually	Pôle Bretagne Energiee
Transition jobs	Created, transformed, quality and training	Annually	Brittany
Masses of water in good condition	34 %; progression by basin	Annual cycle	Water Agency
Nitrates per bay / pond	mg/l and flux; scientific local threshold	Monthly / annual	SAGE
Green algae strandings	2,091 ha in 2024; multi-year trend	Seasonal	CEVA4 / Central state
Artificialization / Renaturation	hectares used, restored and made permeable again	Annually	Locally
Population covered by adaptation plans	100 % in 2028	Annually	Climate conference
Investments tested in the climate	100 % of the major projects in 2029	Budget	Brittany
Local benefits of RE	€ paid out, projects, beneficiaries and uses	Annually	Independent authority

11. Risks and precautions

Risk	Safeguard
Goals without means	Budget, responsibility, deadline and indicator for each commitment
Confusion of the boundaries	Year, unit and local granulometric reference indicated for each figure
Reduced acceptability to discourse	Choice of variants, capital sharing and local profits enforceable
Conflicts between climate and biodiversity	Cumulative evaluation, avoidance before compensation
Socially regressive transition	Targeting of aid, co-payment and distributive monitoring
Centralization in Rennes or Nantes	Living-space contracts and local engineering
Dependence on technology	Diversified portfolio and review clauses

Conclusion

For Yes Breizh, Brittany will not progress through self-sufficiency or passivity. It will progress by consuming less and better, producing more in harmony with the living world, preparing for risks, and retaining a share of the value created locally. The democratic rule of law must be the benchmark: every commitment must have a responsible person, funding, a deadline, and evidence of results.

Mobilized resources and precautions

• Brittany Region, Mission booklet 6 — Energy transition, biodiversity, water and waste, budget 2026.
• Observatory of the Environment in Brittany, Key figures on energy and greenhouse gases in Brittany, edition 2025.
• Regional Accounts Chamber of Brittany, 2026 summaries on renewable energy and BreizhÉnergie.
• Court of Auditors, Fight against the proliferation of green algae in Brittany, synthesis, July 2026.
• The Shift Project, Towards a low-carbon regional economy in Brittany (VERB), document submitted.
• SNP, Government Programme 2026: just transition, community ownership, patrimonial funds, adaptation.
• Documents submitted for discussion: Brittany and sustainable development; Electricity in Brittany: the truth and the lies; correspondences and notes by Prébay–Jancovici–De Gélis.

The proposals constitute a synthesis of the work, not an exhaustive recapitulation of the sources. The data will have to be updated with each publication of Levrig. The figures for the four départements are not mechanically extrapolated to the Loire-Atlantique.

Notes and clarifications

1. Any creation of an observatory or agency etc. will have to be linked to the disappearance of at least one other equivalent public entity with the full reinstatement of the staff. Adjustments may be made subsequently. ↩

2. See previous note. ↩

3. Water Management Planning Scheme ↩

4. Centre for the Study and Valorization of Algae ↩

The thematic dossiers of Levrig 2027 by Yes Breizh

• 1. Statute, institutions, devolution and Constitution
• 2. Public finances, budget and fiscal autonomy
• 2 bis. Budgetary analysis France – Brittany 5
• 3. The public service in Brittany
• 4. Health in Brittany
• 5. Disability in Brittany
• 6. Education, training and higher education
• 7. Culture, languages and media
• 8. Breton identity, transmission and cohesion
• 9. Housing in Brittany
• 10. Employment, businesses and economic development
• 11. Economy, trade and mobility
• 12. Agriculture and food
• 13. Sea, coast and fishing
• 14. Energy, climate and the ecological transition
• 15. Digitalization and sovereignty
• 16. Security, justice and defense
• 17. Europe and internationally
• 18. Breton Diaspora and international outreach